Do not use any phrases that criticize the judge or anyone in the courtroom. Avoid using any words that can be interpreted as threatening toward anyone in the room. Do not use obscene language or slang. [4] X Research source When answering questions, respond to “yes” or “no” questions with appropriate honorifics. In most cases it is important to say “Yes, your honor” or “No, your honor. " Using “your honor” is the easiest way to show respect and avoid offending your judge. [5] X Research source Do not simply nod your head to answer a question. Maintain your composure. If you start to lose your temper or get angry, ask the judge for a brief recess. Taking a few minutes to gather your emotions outside of the court’s presence is better than yelling or getting angry in front of the judge. Remember, a judge can hold you in contempt of court, meaning they can give you a fine or even put you in jail for speaking disrespectfully. [6] X Research source However, even if they do not, disrespectful behavior can tarnish your testimony and case. In extreme cases, a judge might even dismiss your claim.
This protocol shows that you are being respectful and also lets the judge know when you are done speaking.
Also look directly at the judge when you are addressing him or her.
If you did not get the opportunity to speak to the courtroom staff to get the judge’s preferred form of address, address the judge as “Your Honor. ”[9] X Research source
Wait until you are invited by the judge or a court official to speak. Always stand when speaking. When you address the court, begin by saying, “May it please the court, my name is ___” and then state your business. [11] X Research source
For example, do not say things like “The court’s attention is directed to” or “The court should note. " This sounds like you are giving directions for the judge and court to follow, which is not your place. Instead, use phrases such as “May it please the court” or “The court’s attention is invited to. " This shows that you are asking to be heard, not making a demand.
Make sure to keep any requests for clarification “I”-focused. For example, do not tell the judge that s/he did not explain something well enough. Instead, say something like, “I’m sorry, I do not understand that question. Could you explain [point of confusion], please?” Always be respectful and polite when asking for clarification.
Usually, the bailiff will be available before the judge arrives, and he or she will probably be in the courtroom where you are assigned. If you wait until the judge is in the courtroom, you likely will not be allowed to approach the court staff.
If you must call for the judge’s attention, wait until you can do so without interrupting anyone. Then stand and politely ask the judge, “Your Honor, may I be heard?” If you are not acknowledged, sit down. You may not approach the judge outside of the courtroom. [15] X Research source
Some judges are stricter than others about courtroom behavior. Always err on the side of respectfulness, especially if you don’t know what the judge permits. When in court, you should stay as still and quiet as you can. Don’t nod or shake your head when others are speaking or when you are being spoken to. Do not put your feet up on tables or chairs. Do not cross your arms over your chest or put your elbows on the table. It is acceptable to take notes, but don’t doodle or draw on your notepad. This can appear as disrespect. [17] X Research source Do not communicate with spectators via gestures. Do not roll your eyes or make comments or gestures towards the other parties in the courtroom, including the jury or opposing attorney. [18] X Research source Any of these can be grounds for the judge to have you removed from the courtroom by the bailiff.
Even if your cell phone is allowed, keep it silenced and out of sight. You do not want to come across as disrespectful or distracted.
For example, one judge had a spectator removed from the Michael Jackson trial for taking pictures of jurors, even though he was outside the courtroom. [20] X Research source Judges can also give spectators warnings, hold them in contempt, or even have them arrested in rare cases. If you have friends or family members who wish to address the judge, consult your lawyer about having them speak as witnesses.
Do not make comments to yourself, even under your breath. You may be dismissed from the courtroom if you do so.
Some courts offer free child care if you must attend a court date and cannot find child care. Check with your court to see if this is an option. [22] X Research source If you cannot find a babysitter, bring another adult with you and ask them to remain outside the courtroom with your child(ren) during your hearing.
If you have a valid, urgent reason why you cannot attend your court date, contact the courthouse clerk. You will probably need to file a petition or forms to request a date change. [24] X Research source Remember that you will probably need to find parking if you have driven to the courthouse. If taking public transit, buses and trains can be late. Courthouses are often quite large and it may take you some time to find the correct courtroom. Give yourself plenty of time to find your way.
Make sure that you have your court notice document with you. This document will include the details of your Hearing Officer’s name, the date and time of your hearing, and (usually) who you should check in with before the hearing. [25] X Research source Bring multiple copies of any documents and evidence you want to present. Usually, you should bring at least 3 copies of any document: 1 for you, 1 for the court, and 1 for the opposing side.
Obvious examples of things not to bring to court include firearms, alcohol, and illegal drugs. Other commonly prohibited items include pepper spray, mace, knives, and razor blades. Some courthouses may also prohibit items such as cigarettes and lighters. Some courthouses do not allow scissors, nail files, glass containers, wallet chains, pocketknives or other sharp items. [26] X Research source If you would not be allowed to take it on an airplane, it’s a good idea to leave your item at home. If you’re unsure whether something you’re carrying could be prohibited, leave it at home or in your vehicle. In many cases, personal cameras, video cameras, and other recording devices are not allowed. If you’re unsure whether you’re allowed to bring your electronic device, contact your courthouse.
Ensure all of your clothing is neat, clean, and pressed/ironed. Do not wear stained or torn clothing to your court date. Make sure you have showered and made your hair neat. Avoid overly expensive or flashy clothing. Do not wear flip-flop (thong) sandals, tennis shoes or sneakers, or scuffed shoes. Avoid clothing with slogans or verbal messages printed on it. Avoid loud or bright colors and heavy patterns. Do not wear jeans, shorts, t-shirts, miniskirts, low-cut or see-through clothing, sleeveless tops or dresses, low-rise pants, or other revealing or informal clothing. [28] X Research source Gender norms remain strong inside most courtrooms. If you are a man, wear a suit and tie if you have them, or a wrinkle-free button-up shirt and pressed slacks. If you are a woman, wear a dress or skirt and blouse if possible. Women may wear slacks or suits as well. Women should avoid heavy makeup and noisy jewelry. Take a light jacket or sweater. Courtrooms may get cold, especially if you must wait for your hearing. Unless you have a religious reason to do so, do not wear hats or headgear to court. You are allowed to wear religious headgear such as turbans, hijabs, and kippahs. [29] X Trustworthy Source US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission U. S. government agency that enforces civil rights in the workplace Go to source
If you must have something to drink while in court, you may ask the judicial assistant or court clerk for water. [30] X Research source Do not bring your own water to court.
